Tuesday, April 5, 2011

What is a Horror Movie?

Ok  kiddos, hate to go on a rant here, but let me make this perfectly clear...

BLACK SWAN IS NOT A HORROR MOVIE!!!!

(phew... glad to finally get that off my chest)

It is psychological thriller that examines a young woman's descent into madness.

Is it scary?  Yes.
Is it disturbing?  Yes
Is it a horror movie?  No.

Just because a film is scary, suspenseful, disturbing, even terrifying, that does NOT make it a horror movie.

Let me tell you a little secret...   Are you ready?  Ok, here goes...

Jaws is not a horror movie either.  (uh oh, I can hear the masses grumbling)
Neither is Psycho. (ducks head, awaiting flying cookingware)
Silence of the Lambs? ...forget about it - it's a straight up thriller (hey, put that pitchfork down willya? lemme explain!)
Stop looking at me like that, Lecter, lemme explain
I tend to be protective of the term "horror".  To me, it represents a very specific type of movie, and in this age of inclusiveness, I feel people have tagged many films as "horror" in order to justify the genre.  They want to say, "Hey look!  Look at all the "horror" films that have won Oscars!  We're legit!  We're not the grade-B low-budget degenerate shlockfest that people think we are.  Please like us..."

Well EFF THAT!  Horror does not need justification or legitimacy.  It's just fine as it is, thank you very much - in all its bloody, subversive, thought-provoking glory.

Therefore, I think a little clarification is in order.  A comprehensive definition of what a horror film is, so these constant mis-classifications can stop.  If a term like "horror film" is used incorrectly, eventually it loses its meaning and has no value anymore.

Once we have a solid definition we can use that as a filter to pass a bunch of movies through it and see how it stands up under scrutiny.

I'll take the first stab - here's my definition.  A horror movie has to have the following elements:

- it has to have an element of the supernatural (witches, ghosts, demons, alternate realities, etc)
or
- it has to have a monster (some creature that does not actually exist)
AND
- its primary aim has to be to elicit fear, horror, disgust or suspense.

This means that many of the most famous movies that you see on those best horror films lists, ARE NOT EVEN HORROR FILMS!

Ok, let's go back to the films already mentioned and pass them through my filter.


-Black Swan has nothing to do with the supernatural and has no monsters.  It teases the audience with weird things going on - dopplegangers and a young woman sprouting feathers, etc. - but it is evident from the beginning of the movie that the lead character (whose point of view the film is seen) is by every piece of evidence, BATSHIT CRAZY!  Let's see,we got bulemia, cutting, boundry issues with ma, a little OCD perhaps, some good ol' sexual repression and a huge whopping dose of psychosis and schizophrenia.

Sorry Bruce, you're outta here!
- Jaws is a tremendous example of an action thriller and created the summer blockbuster, but I hate to break the news to you, GREAT WHITE SHARKS ACTUALLY EXIST.  And they actually kill people. 

- Psycho, Silence of The Lambs and yes... even Texas Chainsaw Massacre are all based ON A REAL-LIFE PSYCHOTIC PERSON NAMED ED GEIN.  These are all incredibly great, monumentally important films, but none of them are true horror films, my friends.

I think people want to classify these films as horror in order to make themselves feel safer - "Oh, those chainsaw wielding, lunatic cannibals are just monsters!  Thank goodness they don't exist in real life."  Well I've got news for you folks, human beings are capable of unimaginable acts of cruelty and depravity.  Just ask the Jews or the Chinese what they went through during WWII. This stuff actually happens.  This is no boogeyman tale to keep kids in line.  Ed Gein actually existed, created a lamp shade out of a face, wore a woman's "suit" from real flesh.  And he's not the only one.

Look, when I worked at a bookstore back in the 90's, I knew all about Silence of the Lambs and Red Dragon.  I loved those books and recommended them to customers constantly. You wanna know under what section they were kept?  Take a guess...

In the MYSTERY section, with all the other detective stories about murderers and child molesters and serial killers.  Wanna know why?  Because THEY AREN'T HORROR BOOKS!  And neither was American Psycho for that matter - that was in the general fiction section.

Its all your fault!
 Psycho started this whole line of suspense/thriller movies that eventually morphed into slasher films and then into... well, I'll discuss that a little later.  Here's some more of these films that aren't horror movies:

- Last House on the Left - a disturbing thriller based on an Ingmar Bergman classic, The Virgin Spring.  You wouldn't call The Virgin Spring a horror film, would you?

- Friday the 13th - a classic slasher film. This movie and all the carbon copy slashers that came after it almost killed true horror films with their lack of imagination, cliched stories and endless teenage body counts.

- Seven -  a psychological thriller/detective film.  One of my favorite movies of all-time.

- Scream - a self-referential slasher/thriller.  Two kids, Billy and Stu are the killer.  Nothing supernatural here folks.

And then we have the subgenre of torture porn films that started with Saw and Hostel and all their nasty offspring.  NONE OF THESE ARE HORROR MOVIES EITHER!  They are the bastard spawn of slasher movies.  They are at best, clever psychological thrillers, and at worst, cynical, dehumanizing snuff wannabies.

Now let's take a look at some actual horror movies so we can get a clear sense of what I'm talking about:

Blair Witch Project - supernatural
Poltergeist - supernatural
Halloween - although set up like a slasher film, Halloween in my eyes blurs the line with supernatural with Michael Myers being described as "Pure evil" - he is clearly more than human.
The Entity - supernatural
Evil Dead II - supernatural/comedy, still horror in my eyes
Drag me to Hell - supernatural/comedy, still horror in my eyes
The Shining - supernatural
In the Mouth of Madness - supernatural
The Exorcist - supernatural
The Last Exorcism - supernatural
Paranormal Activity - supernatural
Hellraiser - supernatural
The Ring - supernatural
Devil's Backbone  - supernatural but Pan's Labyrinth is not, it is more Fantasy/Magical Realism

 Night of the Living Dead - monsters
28 Days Later - monsters
Splice - sci-fi/monster
Descent - monsters
Pumpkinhead - supernatural/monster
Sixth Sense - supernatural
Signs - sci-fi/alien monsters 
Nightmare on Elm Street - monster/supernatural
Rosemary's Baby - supernatural
Angel Heart - supernatural noir/horror
Suspiria - supernatural (but Deep Red, and Argento's other Giallo films are not)
Jacob's Ladder - borderline, but ultimately, supernatural
Shivers - monsters (but Dead Ringers, NO - psychological thriller - What the heck is Videodrome ??)
The Thing - alien monster
Alien - alien monster

Aliens - well, now look what James Cameron did to one of my favorite movies ofall time.  He took a classic horror movie and turned it into an action/sci-fi/combat movie.  It's really not a horror movie at all.  He took all the mystery and menace out of the original Alien Monster and instead gave us a bunch of scurrying cockroaches to be exterminated.  Gee, thanks Cameron.
10:30... time for my union coffee break...
Aliens fails the test, because to me it fails the second level of screening:
- its primary aim has to be to elicit fear, horror, disgust or suspense.

One could make the argument that Aliens has monsters in it and its primary aim is to elicit horror or at least suspense, so therefore it is a horror movie.  And I agree that this is a borderline case, but for me, the setup of Aliens is a pure action/combat film.  This could easily have been set in the tunnels of Iwo Jima.  The emotions Cameron seems interested in are not horror, terror, or even suspense, but to elicit the catharsis of defeating an enemy.

Predator and Predators - same as Aliens

Let's take a look at some more movies that don't make the cut because although they may have monsters, or elements of the supernatural, the tone of the film is all wrong:
Ghostbusters - action/comedy 

Shawn of the Dead - another great film, but this one to me is a comedy - a parody of zombie movies.

Gremlins -fantasy/comedy

Jurassic Park - scifi/action - borderline.    It feels a lot like Jaws (thanks to Spielberg) and it definitely is set up to elicit suspense and terror, and dinosaurs no longer exist... But not quite.

Altered States - Scifi/action with horror elements

Lord of the Rings - fantasy/drama/action with horror elements

Cloverfield - disaster/giant monster movie

Grab your camera quick!  There's a really stupid-looking monster coming!
Many giant monster movies are really simply disaster or armageddon films with monsters as stand-ins for earthquakes or hurricanes or meteors.  So, Cloverfield, while it does have a monster in it, is actually closer to The Towering Inferno in its tone, than it is to Frankenstein.  Same as all the Godzilla movies (except perhaps, for the original) and these others:

Independence Day - disaster/scifi/action film

War of the Worldsdisaster/scifi/action film

Monsters - drama/disaster/giant monster movie  Yeah, the title of the film is called "Monsters", and there are actual alien giant-squid monsters in it, but the movie really isn't interested in them.  It's kinda like Before Sunrise with occasional tentacles here and there.

And then, we have the movies that are right on the border:

American Werewolf in London - monster/action/comedy   Is it a comedy with horror elements?  Or a horror film with comedic touches?  I'd say this is a horror movie first, with comedic touches, it gets in.


Let the Right One in - supernatural/drama, but is its primary aim to elicit horror or suspense?  I love the movie, but its borderline.  Ah heck... let it in!

Eraserhead - experimental/horror  All of Lynch's movies are hard to classify.  Although it really never sets up suspense or terror, it is disturbing as hell and the "baby" is monstrous enough for me, so bring it on!

Cabin Fever - no supernatural, but you could argue that the virulent plague is a "monster".  Its tone however is straight horror - going for gore, and terror, so it gets in too.

The Human Centipede - Wow, this one's tough.  It's got your classic psycho-doc element straight out of a thriller, but it plays like a modern-day Frankenstein.  There's nothing supernatural, but does the completed human centipede represent a "monster" per se?  I'd say no, this movie belongs in the slasher/torture porn genre - Get it outta here!

Now, out of all the movies I eliminated, there is really one one that falls through the cracks that I'd like to have back.  I'm fine with Jaws not being a horror film, fine with Psycho and Silence of the Lambs and Black Swan being left out too.


Welcome back, Leatherface -we missed ya big buddy!
But for me, I want Texas Chainsaw Massacre back!  I'm giving it a special pardon, because although technically everything in it has happened, or could happen, it is just so damned shockingly EXTREME and beautifully horrific that I cannot keep it out.  Welcome back Chainsaw - you are an honorary HORROR MOVIE!!

Now it's your turn.  Prove me wrong.  Explain why Black Swan is a horror movie - or not.  Create a specific definition of what a horror movie is and pass a bunch of movies through it. See what is included and what is left out.  Does it still have merit?

As with all things, the interesting discussions will arise at the edges.  Is Gremlins a horror film?  What about Shawn of the DeadAltered StatesVideodromeEraserhead?

Bring in on!

91 comments:

  1. Your nuancing of definitions sounds similar to Thomas A. Sipos in his book Horror Film Aesthetics discussed in two installments on my blog TheoFantastique with the first installment here, if I may: http://www.theofantastique.com/2010/11/07/thomas-m-sipos-horror-film-aesthetics-the-visual-language-of-fear-part-1/

    ReplyDelete
  2. John,

    Great link to a discussion that adds lots to what I had to say. I particularly like this exchange:

    "A horror film should evoke fear. That’s generally accepted. So then, if a film evokes fear, it is always a horror film?

    No, because Saving Private Ryan and Death Wish and Titanic evoke fear, yet those are not regarded as horror films. So then, a horror film must have something else in addition to fear. What?

    The fear must be evoked by a threat that’s unnatural. An unnatural threat."

    Good stuff!

    ReplyDelete
  3. Love this!

    I almost stood up and cheered when I saw Psycho on your list, because usually I tell people I am not a big fan of horror movies, and they look around my room/house with posters of Hitchcock (and books by and about Hitchcock, and my collection of Hitchcock movies, etc) and say "well then how can you like Hitchcock!?"

    Because, exactly like you said, his movies are *thrillers* (some psychological, some not, with a smattering of mysteries and dramas).

    (SciFi is very hit or miss for me, but Alien is the center of the Venn diagram of 'horror' 'scifi' and 'pure awesome.')

    ReplyDelete
  4. Very well done.

    Let's see...

    I agree with one point most of all. The genre that you have defined as "horror" is unique from other genres most people would like to group together with it. I think your criteria were well considered and definitely serve to draw a relatively respectable line through the example movies.

    That having been said, while I have no problem with the thought you've presented here or with the idea of a specific genre defined as you have defined it, being an English major rather than a film guy, I actually get picky about the use of the word 'horror' as the preferred label for the genre thus defined. To me, horror is something very unique from either fear or disgust, both of which I would probably, for the purpose of this topic, classify together as an instinctive reaction.

    The difference that I perceive between horror and fear/disgust is that horror requires a certain psychological event to occur or state to be achieved, that is, it requires not only comprehension of the object of in question but also a certain degree of empathy with that object. Fear and disgust are reactions of the psyche that reject or suppress the object perceived, but horror is defined by a mode of perception that requires a certain psychological openness. Rather than the object in question being forced away, it is actually embraced, even though the very act of embracing it is contrary to every instinct. Thus, horror is a state that is only possible in the case that the will to experience it exists. So then how do we define horror movies? Well I think the main idea is to find a definition of movies that are successful in inducing a state of horror in their audience. For this to be accomplished, a horror film will probably not only present some object that is disturbing to the psyche of the perceiving individual, but also attempt to use this object to seduce the perceiver. In one way or another, the viewer is encouraged by the film, or whatever other media is under consideration, not only to experience that thing that would regularly invoke fear/disgust, but also to come to appreciate it, to perceive certain merits of this objectionable object, and to establish a rapport with it.

    Anyway, when I have more time perhaps I shall put together my own list of films and discuss actual, specific criteria. But great post though. I enjoyed reading it.

    ReplyDelete
  5. I get what you are arguing here but it is truly a mystery to me why you have decided that horror MUST contain an element of supernatural and then go on to say it has to have a monster (some creature that does not actually exist). The most horrific things in this world are what humans think up to do to other humans. It shouldn’t matter what is causing the feeling of horror in the viewer – just that the feeling exists, be it due to a monster or cruel parent.

    ReplyDelete
  6. Alien isn't supernatural. Why is it a horror movie?

    Be consistent, will you?

    ReplyDelete
  7. From my point of view, the term "horror" is specific to elements that are other than human. So, those elements can either be supernatural, or simply something that does not actually exist - a monster. Alien is a horror film because the alien monster represents true "otherness" - a being that one cannot plead with or negotiate with or ever hope to understand. To me, this "otherness" is essential for true horror to exist. Things that humans do to other humans may be nasty, terrifying and disgusting, but they are not "horror". This of course is simply my own peculiar definition.

    ReplyDelete
  8. Black Swan is American Warewolf in tights. I don't have a problem with that; indeed i prefer that people take an intersting film that hasn't been done to death and make it new again. I disagree with the "monster" definition partly, as body mutilation takes the human element, our most recognizable element, and starts to turn it into the "other", whether supernatural or imagined. I see no difference in the lycanthropic scenes in American and the final leg breaking scene in Black Swan. Both involve body horror on a very human scale. By your definition, agreed, Black Swan is not horror, but I think that that definition is a bit too narrow for my tastes.

    ReplyDelete
  9. We'll have to agree to disagree. I do agree with you however that I have a narrow view of horror. I like it that way.

    ReplyDelete
  10. Todd,

    Nice article. I can see that is a bit controversial, but I enjoyed it...even if I don't completely agree with you. Hope you don't mind, but I chose this article as one of my favorites from April, and included a link to it in the latest "issue" of Spatter Analysis.

    Check it out!

    --J/Metro

    ReplyDelete
  11. I've been questioning how to define horror movies myself lately, and I think your blog post has really helped me crystallize my position(even though it disagrees with yours).

    When you said that it had to be either supernatural OR a monster, that really got me thinking. What do these two things have in common? What makes them so special as to deserve special mention over real-life horrors. What connect's a plague, A ghost, A vampire, and Jason Vorhees?

    1:They are a threat that doesn't, as presented, exist in the real world.

    2: They are all beyond us. They are greater than humans in some way.

    I subtly disagree with both of these points.

    Insisting that a film has to have some literal disconnect with the material world seems arbitrary. I've always thought of Silence of the Lambs (the film) as being based off the classic Faustian Bargain, where our protagonist trade's her deepest fears and secret's (her "soul") with Hannibal Lecter (The Devil) in order to get what she wants. She is told how dangerous it is to let him inside her head but she does it anyway, giving him power over her. In the sequel, we see her completely in his power as a direct result of this.If the exact same movie replaced the character of Hannibal Lecter with an identical character, except he is in some way supernatural, would that really change the movie to such a degree? Hannibal Lecter and Jaws aren't literally supernatural forces, but I believe the film can still treat them as such.

    I don't think it is important that the evil in horror movies is beyond us. I think it is more important that the evil is beyond the main character of the story. Thus, a frail or mentally ill character could percieve normal people as being supernaturally monstrous in the same way a film with normal character's can be frightened of something supernatural. They are both equally beyond the main character.

    I think the only difference between your views and mine is that I view the movie from within it's own logic, whereas you view the movie from the logic of an audience. I'm not completely convinced that my definition is definitive, but it is the closest I've ever seen to including all of the movies I consider horror.

    Once again, Thank you for the great post!

    ReplyDelete
  12. T-Mobile - I like your definition. It makes sense and it allows you to include movies you feel should be part of the horror genre.

    That being said, for me, Silence of the Lambs and Jaws are thrillers - great movies, certainly scary, but not true horror.

    I still like to reserve that term for a more specifically supernatural type of story. But that's just me - I know I'm in the minority.

    ReplyDelete
  13. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  14. I like last house on the left, psycho and black swan. they are simply amazing. top 10 horror movie characters

    ReplyDelete
  15. i watch horror movies mostly it is so adventurous and i always do that this article boosted me a lot thanks for sharing also check Top Ten Spooktastic Horror Movie Characters - funklist

    ReplyDelete
  16. This is nice information to share with us, thanks.
    Best Horror Movies

    ReplyDelete
  17. wow, thanks for the list. I really love horror movies, your list gave me an idea what should i watch next time

    ReplyDelete
  18. The most effective method to Connect HP Officejet 3830 Printer Setup - Get straightforward step by setup directions to associated hp officejet 3830 printer to PC rules.

    ReplyDelete
  19. agen sbobet resmi di indonesia, menyediahkan permainan game judi online terbaik dan terpercaya yang dapat menghasilkan profit lebih terjamin.

    ReplyDelete
  20. Bermain di situs judi slot online deposit pulsa sangat bagus karena membayar semua jumlah kemenangan yang saya dapatkan.

    ReplyDelete
  21. Misalnya lawan main agen sbobet akan selalu memberikan angka satu. Kemungkinan besar lawan juga memiliki satu yang lebih banyak. Jadi anda harus mencegahnya supaya lawan tidak dapat menurunkan angka satu lagi. Dan untuk itu jangan lupa melihat strategi yang dihindari oleh lawan main saat melalukan taruhan Situs Resmi Agen Sbobet88 Dan Login Sbobet Mobile Terbaik.

    ReplyDelete
  22. Salah satu keuntungan yang wajib sekali di coba oleh pemula judi slot deposit pulsa via online, adalah ketersediaannya taruhan bet kecil. Dalam melangsungkan taruhan dan membayarkan deposit, anda tidak perlu mengeluarkan uang hingga ratusan atau jutaan rupiah. Hanya dengan mengeluarkan uang sebesar puluhan ribu rupiah saja, kini anda sudah bisa melangsungkan taruhan judi online dan bisa mengambil keuntungan bonus hingga berkali-kali lipat. Dalam dunia taruhan online, termasuk judi slot, kami juga menyediakan bonus SLOT88 : Daftar Situs IDN Slot Terlengkap dan Situs Slot Gacor Online Terbaik. slot deposit pulsa

    ReplyDelete
  23. Sudah menjadi hal yang lumrah dan familiar jika pemain situs slot online selalu menyibukkan dirinya untuk bisa mendapatkan uang yang banyak. Selain itu, ada banyak juga pemain yang bisa merasakan kepuasan demi melepaskan seluruh penat setelah seharian penuh bekerja atau menjalani aktivitas Texas88: Situs Slot Online Terpercaya | IDN Slot Gacor Terbaik No 1 padat. situs slot online

    ReplyDelete
  24. situs slot online yang terbaik dan terpercaya SENSA138 sebagai penyadia game terbaik di tahun 2022 yang memberikan kemenangan SENSASIONAL di setiap putarannya

    ReplyDelete
  25. Permainan Sensasional Di situs slot online terbaik hanya di SENSA138 yang sudah menjadi pilihan para pemain slot online di indonesia.

    ReplyDelete
  26. Permainan slot online nomer 1 di indonesia dengan RTP yang tinggi tentunya memberikan kemenangan yang sensasional di setiap putarannya hanya di SENSA138 pasti sensasional

    ReplyDelete
  27. Kemenangan Besar yang di dapatkan di situs slot online SENSA138 dan juga banyak bonus bonus sensasional lainya yang menanti anda

    ReplyDelete
  28. Big win, Mega win, Sensasional Win semua bisa anda raih di situs slot online SENSA138 sebagai penyedia game slot online terbaik 2022

    ReplyDelete
  29. Kemenangan di permainan slot online SENSA138 bisa anda dapatkan dengan Bermain di situs slot online terbaik salam sensasional.

    ReplyDelete
  30. Saksikan dan palajari pola permainan slot online di youtube slot terbaik BIDADARI SENSA yang terus memberikan pola kemenangan termudah dan terbaik di SENSA138

    ReplyDelete
  31. Situs slot online SENSA138 yang menjadi primadona para bettor yang di indoneisa sebagai penyedia game ter gacor di tahun 2022

    ReplyDelete
  32. Situs slot online SENSA138 merupakan situs slot online terbaik se indonesia yang menyediakan bonus bonus terbaru di tahun ini

    ReplyDelete
  33. Permainan slot online SENSA138 yang menjadi pilihan utama para pemain dengan bonus dan event promosi yang menarik serta memeberikan kemenangan sensasional di setiap puratarannya

    ReplyDelete
  34. Tidak melibatkan metode kompleks sampai menimbulkan kepala kamu pening, saat ini kamu dapat merasakan jackpot profitabel dari slot joker388. Penasaran mengenai metode tidak jujur supaya gampang berhasil di gambling online melalui online ini? Dibawah ini merupakan uraian komplit yang telah kita sajikan buat kamu Situs Login Joker123 Online Terbaik Dengan Winrate Tertinggi No 1 slot joker388

    ReplyDelete
  35. Siapa sih yang tidak ketahui dengan Login joker123 yang satu ini? Gambling online ialah tipe gambling casino termudah serta pula sangat melegakan. Dibanding tipe gambling yang lain, gambling online jadi tipe gambling yang sangat sesuai dimainkan oleh pendatang baru. Kenapa begitu? Pendatang baru yang belum mempunyai pengalaman taruhan pastinya berarti sekali buat berupaya tipe gambling yang sesuai dengannya. Gambling yang gampang, simpel, serta ketentuan main tidak sedemikian itu membebankan lah yang sangat sesuai dimainkan oleh pendatang baru Situs Judi Joker123 Deposit Pulsa Online Terbaik Indonesia. login joker123

    ReplyDelete
  36. Dalam bumi gambling sbobet mobile, main serta berjudi di gambling slot melalui online merupakan perihal berarti buat menaikkan pengalaman bertaruh. Dimana lagi kamu dapat memperoleh kebahagiaan sempurna melakukan taruhan gambling slot tidak hanya di web kita. Bila kamu betul- betul melakukan taruhan di web terpercaya, SBOBET88: Situs Login Sbobet Mobile Taruhan Bola Resmi Terbaik hingga hendak terdapat banyak sekali keringanan berhasil. sbobet mobile

    ReplyDelete
  37. Situs RTP terakurat yang pernah ada di indonesia yang di sediakan langsung oleh situs slot terpercaya SENSA138 dengan akurasi sampai dengan 90% yang pastinya sensasional.

    ReplyDelete
  38. Situs RTP terakurat yang pernah ada di indonesia yang di sediakan langsung oleh situs slot terpercaya SENSA138 dengan RATE YANG TERBAIK DI INDONESIA

    ReplyDelete
  39. Habanero Demo Di pasar perjudian modern saat ini, tidak ada yang lebih penting dari kesuksesan perusahaan perangkat lunak selain kemampuan beradaptasi dari permainan mereka. Karena, jujur ​​saja, tidak ada gunanya membuat game yang dirancang secara spektakuler dengan fitur gameplay yang benar-benar menghibur jika hanya menerima taruhan dalam satu mata uang, atau jika semua instruksi dalam bahasa yang tidak dapat dipahami oleh banyak calon petaruh.

    ReplyDelete
  40. situs slot pay4d adalah situs slot online yang menyediakan semua permainan slot gacor dengan bonus new member terbesar.

    ReplyDelete
  41. Semua orang pasti nya sudah permainan judi slot online, permainan yang sudah terkenal ini di berbagai negara yang menjadikan permainan slot online sebagai wadah investasi terbaik dengan taruhan judi slot online melalui situs Slot pragmatic terpercaya.Situs yang merupakan TEXAS88: Situs Judi Slot Online Gacor Pragmatic Play Slot88 Terpercaya, situs ini tentu sudah tidak asing lagi dikalangan masyarakat yang bahkan bias menjadi sumber keuntungan bagi setiap pemain yang memainkan taruhan judi slot online. Situs slot pragmatic ini memiliki berbagai jenis permainan slot online dengan RTP tertinggi melalui berbagai provider terbaik dunia. Slot pragmatic satu-satunya gambling termudah dan terpraktis yang tidak pernah di saingi oleh judi manapun. Tidak heran apabila perkembangan slot selalu signifikan di setiap waktu nya. Bahkan, penjudi profesional sudah tidak lagi khawatir dalam melangsungkan taruhan judi slot online yang tersedia pada situs Slot pragmatic terpercaya.

    ReplyDelete
  42. Benefits for you when you join the Sbobet88 Site. You can access all types of games available at Sbobet88 with only 1 ID / only one registration. You can enjoy all types of online gambling games, especially sbobet88 soccer gambling. You will get very fast and best language service, which will make you even more comfortable playing at Sbobet88. We also have 24-hour customer service that provides the best service to answer all questions from all players. The system is so sophisticated that transactions / withdrawals are very fast without having to wait long. There are lots of bonuses that you will get starting from the Bonus for new users 10%, Daily deposit bonus, Cashback & Referral Bonus. It's very profitable, isn't it if you play on the Sbobet88 Official Site without having to think for a long time, just take action and register now at Sbobet88.

    ReplyDelete
  43. Enjoy playing soccer betting with sbobet88 agents who can give you a lot of changes with fantastic profits, who would have thought that with only 20 thousand rupiahs, you can multiply your profits by playing soccer betting bets at trusted sbobet88 agents. SBOBET88 Site: Trusted SBOBET Agent Site & Best SBO Soccer Gambling List, can open up the best opportunities for you easily, practically without being able to harm you. Sites that already have an official license in Indonesia and even have many active members registered. Now it's your turn to join and play on Agen sbobet88 right now and get bonuses every day.

    ReplyDelete
  44. google1 good morning everyone have a beautiful day here I want to provide information about the best sites in Indonesia

    ReplyDelete
  45. welcome to the site slot online gacor a trusted 2022 site that can provide greater profits the online slot garor site provides many variations of well-known games that make you not bored to play.

    ReplyDelete
  46. Playing online betting in Indonesia is very fun because there are pragmatic play providers that offer hundreds of the best types of slot online gacor

    ReplyDelete
  47. want to make money from home. play slot gacor through your cellphone and get crazy bonuses and promos,

    ReplyDelete
  48. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  49. for those of you who want to play in slots, play on our site, there are many types of gacor slots that you can play, on our site we also provide live chat that will serve you for 24 hours playing slots on the situs raja slot gacor terpercaya

    ReplyDelete
  50. Online gambling is still the most popular in Indonesia, and the most popular site is the judi slot maxwin site, a site that is in great demand by the Indonesian people. Behind its popularity are crazy bonuses and specials, this is what makes our site so popular.

    ReplyDelete
  51. the situs slot online terpercaya is the most trusted and best online slot agent in the world, there are many types of slot that you can play and get prizes, let's play slot on the situs slot online terpercaya

    ReplyDelete
  52. enjoy all the games on our site nama nama situs judi slot online by registering once, and you can also play slots in demo mode, you will be given a free balance

    ReplyDelete
  53. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  54. rtp slot tertinggi hari ini becomes a slot gambling player race, because RTp is being able to boost slot player wins, what else is the site that has the highest chance of playing slots, you can see other tips at this link:
    nama nama situs judi slot online
    pusat judi slot online
    situs judi slot online terpercaya 2022
    slot pulsa tanpa potongan

    ReplyDelete
  55. brita sigourney took silver in the Women's Ski SuperPipe . Naturally, because superpipe skiing is his favorite branch in skiing, this is fun, he said

    ReplyDelete
  56. Thanks for taking the time to discuss this. When using crystals for healing, it's essential to understand their energy. crystal shop near me

    ReplyDelete
  57. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  58. watch porn with ease because long duration porn movies are a hobby for young people to watch with interesting stories on japanese porn star and watch it for free without charge.

    ReplyDelete
  59. for you lovers of Japanese porn movies. our site is the best porn sites there are thousands of collections of Japanese porn movies that you can see. with an interesting and exciting storyline. The videos we provide are of HD quality

    ReplyDelete
  60. Put your balance on mixparlay football, because this has been played a lot and made a favorite bet during the busy Qatar World Cup, visit situs judi slot and register now.

    ReplyDelete
  61. slitus slot deposit gopay terbaik dan terpercaya yang selalu memberikan bonus terbaik dan bonus terbesar

    ReplyDelete
  62. Agen slot gacor slot deposit dana terbaik dan terpercaya dengan pilihan provider slot gacor terlengkap mudah menang.

    ReplyDelete
  63. SITUS JUDI SLOT DEPOSIT PULSA TANPA POTONGAN PADA SLOT GACOR

    Slot Deposit Pulsa Tanpa Potongan merupakan salah satu situs slot pulsa online resmi yang memperbolehkan minimal deposit 10.000 per pulsa tanpa potongan. Tautan Daftar Agen, Kredit Deposit Slot Tanpa Pengurangan ditawarkan oleh berbagai Penyedia Tanpa Kredit Tanpa Pengurangan Deposit dan didukung oleh beberapa game yang benar-benar gila. Hari ini lebih mudah dari biasanya untuk memenangkan uang dibandingkan dengan bermain melalui situs. Anda hanya bisa mendapatkan kredit deposit tanpa potongan slot dan satu akun untuk mencoba semuanya di situs slot deposit tanpa potongan kredit.

    Link Official Slot Deposit Pulsa didukung langsung oleh 8 provider ternama dunia, kualitasnya tidak perlu diragukan lagi. Karena provider muncul di website resminya, Slot Pulsa 10000 via pulsa telkomsel tanpa potongan memelopori pengenalan game slot online dalam bentuk konsol android, tablet, pc, laptop dan ios pertama kali di dunia. Jadi jelas para provider disini memiliki track record yang bagus sehingga bisa membuat permainannya terpercaya dan memiliki RTP yang tinggi untuk member setianya bandar slot kustodian menggunakan pulsa tanpa potongan.

    Situs kami menampilkan permainan mesin slot setoran kredit cepat untuk mempermudah perjudian. Dengan munculnya permainan mesin slot deposit pulsa yang kami kelola sangat efektif dan kami menawarkan bonus dan promosi dalam jumlah besar dibandingkan dengan situs mesin slot pulsa lainnya.

    ReplyDelete

  64. Great job for publishing such a beneficial website. Your blog is not only useful but also really creative. Chardham Yatra By Helicopter

    ReplyDelete
  65. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  66. Situs Slot Gampang Pecah x500 cuma di Keren99

    ReplyDelete
  67. ALL PGSOFT GAME CAN GET FREESPIN, CLICK HERE!! taruhan77

    ReplyDelete
  68. THE BEST AND MOST TRUSTED SITE THAT WILL GIVE YOU 100% WINNING Tokekwin

    ReplyDelete
  69. WIN PRIZE MONEY FROM THE MOST TRUSTED GAMES 2024 https://eyndc.com

    ReplyDelete
  70. IT'S AMAZING THAT YOU CAN EARN MONEY BY PLAYING ON THIS SITE https://discoveryelevators.com

    ReplyDelete